In our series of Hard Disk Drive guides, here’s the latest update to our list of recommended HDDs. All numbers in the text are updated to reflect pricing at the time of writing.

Best Internal Hard Drives: Holiday 2023

Data storage requirements have kept increasing over the last several years. SSDs have taken over the role of the primary drive in most computing systems. However, when it comes to sheer bulk storage, hard drives (HDDs) continue to be the storage media of choice in areas dealing with large amounts of relatively cold data.

Since the release of the last HDD guide, we have seen the announcement of 24TB CMR drives from both Seagate and Western Digital. The 22TB and lower capacity drives have also seen price reductions. Meanwhile consumer SSDs have seen a resurgence of their own, thanks to a recent (and temporary) bust in flash memory prices. Even with this, it's not enough to challenge large HDDs on a $/GB basis, but it's made things a bit more interesting at the 8TB capacity point.

Looking at the state of the hard drive market this fall, Synology has been selling 4TB - 18TB enterprise hard drives (rebranded Toshiba Enterprise HDDs with custom firmware), though they are meant specifically for Synology NAS units (no warranties if used in other systems). Elsewhere, as the distinction between data center / enterprise drives and consumer NAS drives start to blur amid the contracting market, Toshiba's MG09 HDDs based on FC-MAMR and Western Digital's Ultrastar DC series of data center drives have now been added to our charts.


2023 - New HDDs from Western Digital and Seagate

From a gaming perspective, install sizes of hundreds of GBs are not uncommon for modern games. Long-term backup storage and high-capacity NAS units for consumer use are also ideal use-cases for hard drives. The challenge in picking any hard drive, of course, is balancing workload needs with total drive costs. Most consumers in a non-business settings also require low-power and low-noise, yet, high capacity drives, which we're including as an explicit category as well.

In the current market, the WD Gold, WD Ultrastar DC, and Seagate Exos Enterprise are the only available 24TB options. However, for consumers needing absolute lowest cost at other capacities, the Seagate Exos series fits the bill, with unbelievably low prices compared to other 'consumer' HDDs at similar capacity points. At other capacity points, the most cost-effective drives vary even when similar workload ratings are considered. It must be noted that, as server-focused drives, the Exos series drives are relatively noisy and consume much more power compared to other drives tuned for specific use cases - such as the Toshiba X300 for desktop usage, or the WD Red SMR drives for read-heavy / sparing writes scenarios.

There are many different factors that influence the choice of HDD for a particular use-case. Power consumption and acoustics are in that list, but the differences in those aspects between different HDD families is not a significant concern. The delta in power consumption is usually minor compared to that of the NAS / computer system hosting the drives. Most NAS systems are tucked out of earshot. Desktop systems requiring massive storage capacity generally have active cooling, and the delta in sound ratings between different HDD families is again negligible compared to the noise from the system fans. Keeping these in mind, we have tuned our buyer's guide based on two relevant metrics - workload rating and warranty period.

2023 Q4 HDD Recommendations - Workload Basis
(as of November 20, 2023)
Workload (TB/year) Drive Family Capacity (TB) $/TB Purchase Link
550 Seagate Exos Enterprise 10 12 $120
(Newegg)
300 Toshiba N300 Pro 18 16.11 $290
(Amazon)
$310
(Newegg)
180 Seagate IronWolf NAS 12 16.67 $200
(Amazon)
55 Toshiba X300 10 14.5 $145
(Amazon)
$211
(Newegg)

It goes without saying that consumers looking for a lower workload rating drive should also check out the ones with higher workload ratings, unless the power consumption and acoustics are very important factors. Enterprise drives with higher workload ratings are typically engineered to last longer, use higher quality components, and have longer warranties. Which brings us to the recommendations based on warranty period: unsurprisingly, the players in the workload table get repeated here too.

2023 Q4 HDD Recommendations - Warranty Basis
(as of November 20, 2023)
Warranty (years) Drive Family Capacity (TB) $/TB Purchase Link
5 Seagate Exos Enterprise 10 12 $120
(Newegg)
3 Seagate IronWolf NAS 12 16.67 $200
(Amazon)
2 Toshiba X300 10 14.5 $145
(Amazon)
$211
(Newegg)

There are three active vendors in the consumer hard drive space - Seagate, Toshiba, and Western Digital. Their retail offerings currently top out at 24TB, 20TB, and 24TB respectively.

Consumers looking to purchase hard-drives need to have a rough idea of the use-cases they are going to subject the drives to. Based on that, a specific set of metrics needs to be considered. We first take a look at the different metrics that matter, and how various hard drives stack up against each other. Since many hard drive families from different vendors can satisfy the requirements, it may all come down to the pricing. We will present a pricing matrix for various hard drive families against the available capacities.

For our guide, we're narrowing down the vast field of hard drives to the following models/families. In particular, we are excluding surveillance-focused drives such as the WD Purple or Seagate SkyHawk, since these drives are based on the same technology, but often carry a price premium. Meanwhile, we're also making sure to include some of the enterprise / datacenter SATA drives that are available for purchase from e-tailers, as these sometimes offer some great deals in terms of capacity-per-dollar. We have stopped considering the SMR-based WD Red in the guide - with capacities topping out at 6TB and being ill-suited for most NAS use-cases, it is a drive family that is best avoided for general usage.

  1. Seagate IronWolf NAS
  2. Seagate IronWolf Pro NAS
  3. Seagate Exos Enterprise
  4. Toshiba MG Series
  5. Toshiba N300
  6. Toshiba N300 Pro
  7. Toshiba X300
  8. Toshiba X300 Pro
  9. Western Digital Gold
  10. Western Digital Red Plus
  11. Western Digital Red Pro
  12. Western Digital Ultrastar DC Series

A few notes are in order - the Seagate Barracuda Pro that used to appear in previous guides is no longer in consideration. Seagate has not updated this lineup as of late, and we see their IronWolf drives being a very capable alternative to the Barracuda Pro in almost all use-cases. We are also not considering sub-10TB models in this guide. With the increased availability (and decreased price) of 8TB SATA SSDs, we believe the market for sub-10TB drives will disappear, except for legacy RAID arrays looking for replacements without a capacity increase.

Metrics that Matter

One of the easiest ways to narrow down the search for a suitable hard drive is to look at the target market of each family. The table below lists the suggested target market for each hard drive family we are considering today.

Hard Drive Families - Target Markets
Drive Family Target Markets
Seagate IronWolf NAS NAS Units up to 8 bays
(Home, SOHO, and Small Business)
Seagate IronWolf Pro NAS NAS Units up to 24 bays
(Creative Pros, SOHO, and Small to Medium Enterprises)
Seagate Exos Enterprise Enterprise, Datacenter and Bulk Cloud Storage
Toshiba N300 NAS Units up to 8 bays
Toshiba N300 Pro NAS Units up to 24 bays
(Creative Pros, SOHO, and Small to Medium Enterprises)
Toshiba X300 Professional Desktops, Home Media or Gaming PCs
Toshiba X300 Pro Professional Workstations, and Heavy-Duty Desktops
Toshiba MG Series Enterprise, Datacenter and Bulk Cloud Storage
WD Gold Enterprise, Datacenter and Bulk Cloud Storage
WD Red Plus NAS Units up to 8 bays
WD Red Pro NAS Units up to 24 bays
WD Ultrastar DC Series Datacenter and Bulk Cloud Storage

After filtering out models that don't apply to your use-case (as an example, for usage in a 4-bay NAS enclosure, one could rule out the Toshiba X300 straight away), we can then take a look at how the specifications of various drive families compare.

Hard Drive Families - Metrics of Interest
Drive Family Rated Workload (TB/yr) Rated Load / Unload Cycles Unrecoverable Read Errors MTBF (Hours) Warranty (Years)
Seagate IronWolf NAS 180 600K 1 in 10E15 1.0M 3
Seagate IronWolf Pro NAS 300 600K 1 in 10E15 1.2M 5
Seagate Exos Enterprise 550 600K 1 in 10E15 2.5M 5
Toshiba N300 180 300K 1 in 10E14 1.0M 3
Toshiba N300 Pro 300 600K 1 in 10E14 1.2M 5
Toshiba X300 N/A (55?) 300K 1 in 10E14 0.6M 2
Toshiba X300 Pro 300 300K 1 in 10E14 1.0M 5
Toshiba MG10 Series 550 600K 1 in 10E15 2.5M 5
WD Gold 550 600K 1 in 10E15 2.5M 5
WD Red Plus 180 600K 1 in 10E14 1.0M 3
WD Red Pro 300 600K 1 in 10E15 1.0M 5
WD Ultrastar DC Series 550 600K 1 in 10E15 2.5M 5

Based on these metrics, it is clear that the enterprise drives (Seagate Exos Enterprise, Toshiba MG Series, WD Gold, and WD Ultrastar DC Series) are rated to be more reliable in the long run over a big sample set. However, most consumer use-cases do not need a 550 TB/yr workload rating. 180 - 300 TB/yr workload rating is plenty reasonable for most users when the drives are going to be used as part of RAID arrays.

Pricing Matrix and Concluding Remarks

The matrix below shows the current pricing for each available capacity point in all the considered hard drive families. The drives are segmented based on their workload ratings.

HDD Pricing Matrix (as of November 20, 2023)
(Workload Class - 550 TB/year)
Drive Family 24TB 22TB 20TB 18TB 16TB 14TB 12TB 10TB
Seagate IronWolf Pro NAS - $400
(Amazon)
$350
(Amazon)
$350 ( $330 w/ promo code )
(Newegg)
$330
(Amazon)
$349 ( $289 w/ promo code )
(Newegg)
$270
(Amazon)
$270 ( $250 w/ promo code )
(Newegg)
$245
(Amazon)
$230
(Amazon)
$230 ( $220 w/ promo code )
(Newegg)
$235
(Amazon)
Toshiba MG Series - - $320
(Amazon)
$381
(Newegg)
$310
(Amazon)
$323
(Newegg)
$245
(Amazon)
$245
(Newegg)
$211
(Newegg)
$212
(Amazon)
$256
(Newegg)
$214
(Amazon)
$250
(Newegg)
WD Gold $630
(WD)
$550
(Amazon)
$550
(Newegg)
$489
(Amazon)
$545
(Newegg)
$419
(Amazon)
$420
(Newegg)
$352
(Amazon)
$360
(Newegg)
$307
(Amazon)
$320
(Newegg)
$279
(Amazon)
$280
(Newegg)
$240
(Amazon)
$262
(Newegg)
Seagate Exos Enterprise $713
(Insight)
$508
(Amazon)
$500
(Newegg)
$270
(Newegg)
$280
(Amazon)
$330 ( $260 w/ promo code )
(Newegg)
$262
(Newegg)
$240
(Amazon)
$225
(Amazon)
$120
(Newegg)
WD Ultrastar DC Series $630
(WD)
$460
(Amazon)
$390
(Amazon)
$345
(Newegg)
$330
(Amazon)
$339
(Newegg)
$300
(Amazon)
$285
(Newegg)
$235
(Amazon)
$208
(Amazon)
$264
(Amazon)
$262
(Newegg)
WD Red Pro - $417
(Amazon)
$420
(Newegg)
$380
(Amazon)
$380
(Newegg)
$349
(Amazon)
$350
(Newegg)
$320
(Amazon)
$320
(Newegg)
$300
(Amazon)
$300
(Newegg)
$260
(Amazon)
$260
(Newegg)
$240
(Amazon)
$240
(Newegg)

 

HDD Pricing Matrix (as of November 20, 2023)
(Workload Class 300 TB/year)
Drive Family 24TB 22TB 20TB 18TB 16TB 14TB 12TB 10TB
Toshiba X300 Pro - - - $355
(Amazon)
$355
(Newegg)
$309
(Amazon)
$240
(Amazon)
$240
(Newegg)
$260
(Amazon)
$260
(Newegg)
$180
(Amazon)
$180
(Newegg)
Toshiba N300 Pro - - - $290
(Amazon)
$310
(Newegg)
$290
(Amazon)
$290
(Newegg)
$270
(Amazon)
$270
(Newegg)
$229
(Amazon)
$229
(Newegg)
$211
(Newegg)

 

HDD Pricing Matrix (as of November 20, 2023)
(Workload Class 180 TB/year)
Drive Family 24TB 22TB 20TB 18TB 16TB 14TB 12TB 10TB
Seagate IronWolf NAS - - - $451
(Amazon)
$313
(Amazon)
$240
(Amazon)
$200
(Amazon)
$220
(Amazon)
WD Red Plus - - - - - $260
(Newegg)
$220
(Amazon)
$220
(Newegg)
$190
(Amazon)
$190
(Newegg)
Toshiba N300 - - - $390
(Amazon)
$270
(Amazon)
$270
(Newegg)
$250
(Newegg)
$210
(Amazon)
$208
(Newegg)
$185
(Amazon)
$185
(Newegg)

 

HDD Pricing Matrix (as of November 20, 2023)
(Workload Class 55 TB/year)
Drive Family 24TB 22TB 20TB 18TB 16TB 14TB 12TB 10TB
Toshiba X300 - - - $400
(Amazon)
$270
(Amazon)
$270
(Newegg)
$225
(Amazon)
$225
(Newegg)
$198
(Amazon)
$198
(Newegg)
$145
(Amazon)
$211
(Newegg)

 

Toshiba is the only vendor paying attention to the desktop storage market with regular updates to the X300 line. However, its reliability metrics are disappointing compared to the NAS drives from all three vendors. In most cases, using one of the NAS drives as a desktop HDD is a no-brainer. The X300 Pro is a good step up in that aspect. In fact, at the highest capacity, it is priced lower than the X300. That said, the Seagate Exos Enterprise at the 18TB capacity point presents the lowest $/TB metric, and wins our recommendation for this market segment despite the high power usage and noise factor. If a silent drive with relatively low power consumption is needed, the X300 Pro series could be an attractive alternative.

Prior to commenting on the other possible use-cases, one thing is clear from the above pricing matrix - if you absolutely require 24TB per disk, the WD Gold, Seagate Exos X24, and the WD Ultrastar DC Series are your only choices for purchase in the retail market currently.

On the SOHO / SMB NAS front, the Seagate Exos series and WD Gold, despite their enterprise background, continue to make a good case across multiple capacity points. The only places where the WD Red series (Pro and Plus) could edge out as a better choice are scenarios where the power consumption and noise need to be kept low. After poring over the datasheets, we have come to realize that the idle power consumption delta for the NAS-focused drives against the enterprise drives (Exos and Gold) is quite significant - sub-3W compared to 5W+. The acoustics across multiple capacity points are also much better. That said, these may not matter to a large segment of the audience for whom workload ratings, warranty, and cost are more important factors.

The IronWolf NAS models deliver slightly better performance compared to the WD Red / WD Red Plus, but, have correspondingly higher power consumption numbers. On the SMB / SME NAS front, the WD Red Pro has started reaching better price points compared to previous quarters, managing to undercut the IronWolf Pro across almost all capacities. However, a plus point for the IronWolf Pro is the inclusion of the Data Rescue Service for a 3-year period in addition to the usual warranty.

Based on the above analysis, the recommendations for the NAS drives are clear - for the absolute highest capacity drive currently in the market (if you have to compulsorily get one) - WD Gold for presenting the best $/TB metric. At other capacity points, it is the Seagate Exos Enterprise that wins out. The 10TB model is currently available for $120, and it presents the best $/TB metric by a huge margin.

 
 

Finally, a note on shucking – Drive prices have come down to such an extent that taking out the HDD from an external DAS (and losing the warranty in the process) is no longer worthwhile. Compelling prices often hide reliability issues and lowered workload ratings (HDDs are essentially binned, and allocated to different market segments based on their expected reliaability). In light of this, users should treat money spent on shucked drives as a sunk cost, and ensure that such drives are used only in non-critical scenarios.

 

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  • Zizy - Thursday, November 23, 2023 - link

    I wouldn't bold drives that are in lower workload class tiers if they don't have lower prices - why would anyone buy a worse drive for more money? Heck, given current prices (in the table), only two drives really make sense - Seagate 20TB if you need density and 10TB for everyone else. Reply
  • Samus - Friday, November 24, 2023 - link

    As implied, enterprise and high performance drives sacrifice acoustics and power consumption for performance. I recently replaced a WD Red Pro with a Toshiba N300 because the hollow clunking of the WD made it the loudest component in my PC. Worse, it was notorious for making this noise when idle, randomly seeking for no reason. Additionally, 7200RPM motors themselves make a higher pitch whine that has become more and more notable as they have added nearly a dozen platters to drives and the spinning mass requires stronger motors, which are louder.

    All considered, even the lowest workload drives are adequate for simple data storage in most conditions. 55TB/year is still a ton of data.
    Reply
  • DBissett - Thursday, November 23, 2023 - link

    Every link to a HD guide I can find on the website points here, and this one seems to be about the very high end niche for this particular product. If there are other reviews in the "series" that address interests of the masses, where are they? Reply
  • PeachNCream - Thursday, November 23, 2023 - link

    AT hasn't actually reviewed any of these drives whatsoever so the site is making recommendations based on paper specs, prices, and manufacturer data absent apparent hands-on experience. That should be a bit alarming, but AT has been doing it for quite a while now. They're trying to keep a head above water in an age of mega-empire video reviewers, rampant adblockers (for good reason - this site is disgusting without one), and a loss of the original owner and a fair chunk of the talent while coping with (probably) Future, the owning company, milking the cow down to its skeleton while it still lasts - something PAINFULLY obvious to the dwindling readers. Reply
  • meacupla - Thursday, November 23, 2023 - link

    This can be simplified into "get the exos while it's at $120"
    Unless you somehow don't have enough SATA ports
    Reply
  • Samus - Friday, November 24, 2023 - link

    I only have experience with the WD equivalent, but my guess is the Exos enterprise might either be too loud or have highly audible seek\access that may turn off some buyers who have their PC in a quiet room\office. Acoustics are not even a consideration with drives designed for data centers. Reply
  • R7 - Friday, November 24, 2023 - link

    Previous HDD articles here constantly ignored WD Ultrastar DC series. These are some of the most reliable models that are often cheaper than their competitors with similar specs. Good to see them added to the list.

    Case in point. Comparing 550TB/y workload drives that have 600k load/unload cycles, 2.5M MTBF and five year warranty:
    24TB: $630. Ultrastar has price parity with Gold. Seagate Exos is $117 more expensive. Toshiba MG has no equivalent model.
    22TB: $460. Ultrastar is the cheapest. Leading Exos by $40 and Gold by $90. Toshiba MG has no equivalent model.
    20TB: Exos is $75 cheaper and MG is $25 cheaper here compared to Ultrastar. Gold is way overpriced at this capacity point.
    18TB: Exos is up to $70 cheaper here with promo code and MG is $20 cheaper.
    16TB: Exos is only $23 cheaper and MG is $40 cheaper.
    14TB: MG is only $24 cheaper. Exos is slightly more expensive.
    12TB: Ultrastar is the cheapest again with MG and Exos being slightly more expensive.
    10TB: Not sure how but Exos is less than half the price here with MG being almost the the same as Ultrastar.

    So in 22TB and 24TB Ultrastar is the best deal. In 20TB it could be worth going with Exos but only when buying bulk.
    14TB, 16TB and 18TB the price differences are relatively small and there is not reason to go for Exos or MG.
    12TB the Ultrastar is the cheapest again.
    10TB is skewed because of the Exos promo.

    In terms of price/TB the 10TB and 12TB models are largely pointless because you can get 14TB for roughly the same price.
    16TB could have some merit but 18TB is again pointless because 20TB is roughly the same price.
    22TB and 24TB obviously carry a price premium so they're only worth it if you are buying 1-2 units and replacing several 5+ units with the intention of keeping them for a long time.
    Reply
  • kkilobyte - Saturday, November 25, 2023 - link

    You really should stop using newegg as a reference place for prices. It is not available in the EU, so that's practically useless for your European readers (or maybe you just don't care about them?). Reply
  • meacupla - Saturday, November 25, 2023 - link

    That's what Tom's Hardware is for, isn't it? Reply
  • kkilobyte - Sunday, November 26, 2023 - link

    Quite certainly, other websites do provide information that's more relevant to people living in the EU. But indeed, it is somehow disappointing to get an answer that can be summarized as: "go elsewhere, this place's not for you". Reply

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